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Trees

A tree is a data structure in computer science that represents a hierarchical structure. It is a collection of nodes that are connected by edges, with each node having zero or more child nodes. Trees are commonly used in computer science for organizing and storing data, such as file systems, programming language syntax trees, and database indexing structures. Types of Trees

There are many different types of trees, each with its own characteristics and uses. Here are some of the most common types of trees: Binary Tree

A binary tree is a type of tree in which each node has at most two child nodes, referred to as the left child and the right child. The left child is always less than the parent node, and the right child is always greater than the parent node. Binary trees are commonly used in search algorithms, such as binary search.

Binary Search Tree​

A binary search tree is a type of binary tree that satisfies the following conditions:

  • The left child of a node is less than the parent node.
  • The right child of a node is greater than the parent node.

Binary search trees are commonly used in search algorithms, as they allow for efficient searching and sorting of data.

AVL Tree​

An AVL tree is a self-balancing binary search tree in which the heights of the left and right subtrees of any node differ by at most one. AVL trees are named after their inventors, Adelson-Velskii and Landis. AVL trees provide efficient searching and insertion operations.

Red-Black Tree​

A red-black tree is a self-balancing binary search tree in which each node is colored either red or black. The color of the node is used to maintain balance in the tree. Red-black trees are commonly used in database indexing and provide efficient searching and insertion operations.

B-Tree​

A B-tree is a self-balancing tree data structure that is commonly used in file systems and databases. It is designed to store large amounts of data on disk and provides efficient searching and insertion operations.

Tree Traversal​

Tree traversal is the process of visiting all nodes in a tree in a specific order. There are two common types of tree traversal:

Depth-First Traversal​

Depth-first traversal is a type of tree traversal in which we explore as far as possible down a branch before backtracking to explore another branch. There are three common ways to perform depth-first traversal:

  • Inorder Traversal - Traverse the left subtree, visit the root node, and then traverse the right subtree.
  • Preorder Traversal - Visit the root node, traverse the left subtree, and then traverse the right subtree.
  • Postorder Traversal - Traverse the left subtree, traverse the right subtree, and then visit the root node.

Breadth-First Traversal​

Breadth-first traversal is a type of tree traversal in which we explore all nodes at a given depth before moving on to nodes at the next depth. This type of traversal is also known as level-order traversal.